In essence, a relay is an electrical device that opens or closes a circuit based on a control signal. In communication systems, this basic functionality is extended to ensure that data can be transmitted efficiently and reliably over long distances or through environments that would otherwise hinder direct transmission. This process is particularly crucial in wireless networks, where signals often face challenges such as interference, attenuation, and obstacles that block the direct line of sight between devices.

    Relay technology is used to enhance signal strength, coverage, and overall system performance. By receiving a weak signal, amplifying it, and then retransmitting it, relays play a pivotal role in ensuring that the data reaches its destination accurately and quickly. This is especially important in environments where direct connections are impractical or impossible, such as in remote areas or dense urban landscapes.