A motor overload relay is an electrical protective device that monitors the motor's current and temperature to prevent excessive energy from damaging the motor. Motors can experience overcurrent conditions when they are subjected to mechanical or electrical stress, which can lead to overheating. Overheated motors may result in winding damage, insulation failure, or even complete motor burn-out. The overload relay detects when the current exceeds preset limits or when the motor reaches unsafe operating temperatures, triggering a response that disconnects the motor from the power supply. This action prevents further damage and allows the motor to cool down before restarting.